<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-05398071</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-04-24T16:20:10+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Localization for transportation and urban planning in smart cities: interest, challenges, and solutions</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Fatma</forename>
                <surname>Abbes</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">b6ac26d05867981fef26e1637d3fe9dc</email>
              <email type="domain">fsgf.ugaf.tn</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1618596</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">171928-1618596</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-205774"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Mnasri</forename>
                <surname>Sami</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">3924632-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1612891"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Thierry</forename>
                <surname>Val</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">c39bb1c08ee5c43e2973e1ac68589e2c</email>
              <email type="domain">irit.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">thierry-val</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1956</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">45306-1956</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-8570</idno>
              <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=Tl4E9ooAAAAJ&amp;hl=fr</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/113464657</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1612891"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Thierry</forename>
                <surname>Val</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">c39bb1c08ee5c43e2973e1ac68589e2c</email>
              <email type="domain">irit.fr</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2025-12-04 13:14:24</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2026-04-24 16:19:59</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2025-12-08 10:16:56</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2025-03-07</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2025-12-04</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://ut3-toulouseinp.hal.science/hal-05398071v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2025-12-04"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="author" n="1" target="https://ut3-toulouseinp.hal.science/hal-05398071v1/file/Fr_Chapitre_I_Deploiement_Final.pdf" id="file-5398071-4624259">
                <date notBefore="2025-12-04"/>
              </ref>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="125536">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Thierry</forename>
                  <surname>Val</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">c39bb1c08ee5c43e2973e1ac68589e2c</email>
                <email type="domain">irit.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-05398071</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://ut3-toulouseinp.hal.science/hal-05398071</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">abbes:hal-05398071</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;International Journal of Industrial Optimization&lt;/i&gt;, 2025, 6, pp.28 - 46. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.12928/ijio.v6i1.11027"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.12928/ijio.v6i1.11027&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">International Journal of Industrial Optimization, 2025, 6, pp.28 - 46. &amp;#x27E8;10.12928/ijio.v6i1.11027&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">CC BY-SA 4.0 - Attribution - ShareAlike<ref corresp="#file-5398071-4624259"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-TLSE2">Université Toulouse 2</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-TLSE3">Université de Toulouse</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UT1-CAPITOLE">Université Toulouse 1 Capitole</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IRIT">IRIT - Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IRIT-RMESS" corresp="IRIT">Réseaux, Mobiles, Embarqués, Sans fil, Satellites</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IUT-BLAGNAC" corresp="UNIV-TLSE2">IUT Blagnac</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IRIT-ASR" corresp="IRIT">Architecture, Systèmes, Réseaux</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="TOULOUSE-INP">Toulouse - INP</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-UT3">Université Toulouse 3</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UT3-INP">Université de Toulouse / Toulouse INP</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UT3-TOULOUSEINP">Université de Toulouse / Toulouse INP</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Localization for transportation and urban planning in smart cities: interest, challenges, and solutions</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Fatma</forename>
                    <surname>Abbes</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">b6ac26d05867981fef26e1637d3fe9dc</email>
                  <email type="domain">fsgf.ugaf.tn</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1618596</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">171928-1618596</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-205774"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Mnasri</forename>
                    <surname>Sami</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">3924632-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1612891"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Thierry</forename>
                    <surname>Val</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">c39bb1c08ee5c43e2973e1ac68589e2c</email>
                  <email type="domain">irit.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">thierry-val</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1956</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">45306-1956</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-8570</idno>
                  <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=Tl4E9ooAAAAJ&amp;hl=fr</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/113464657</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1612891"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="halJournalId" status="INCOMING">1163108</idno>
                <idno type="issn">2714-6006</idno>
                <title level="j">International Journal of Industrial Optimization</title>
                <imprint>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">6</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">28 - 46</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2025-03-07</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.12928/ijio.v6i1.11027</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="en">IoT data collection networks</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Localization technologies</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Machine learning</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Smart city</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Optimization algorithms</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">IoT data collection networks Localization technologies Machine learning Smart city Optimization algorithms</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="info">Computer Science [cs]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;The concept of a smart city represents an innovative approach to urban development, aiming to enhance residents' quality of life by making cities more adaptable and efficient through the integration of advanced technologies. In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has been widely applied in various smart city domains, including communication, healthcare, and transportation. However, localization has emerged as one of the key challenges in IoT implementation. Localization plays a crucial role in smart city development, as it is essential for effective urban planning, traffic management, and optimizing public transportation routes. Accurate location data enable personalized services for citizens, such as activity recommendations and real-time alerts about local events. Furthermore, by optimizing travel and improving resource management, localization contributes to urban sustainability by reducing waste and enhancing overall efficiency. This research makes several contributions. First, it examines the significance of localization in smart cities and highlights the associated challenges. Next, it explores various indoor and outdoor localization technologies, analyzing their advantages and disadvantages while providing a comparative assessment. The manuscript also classifies communication networks within smart cities, detailing their characteristics. Additionally, it discusses various machine-learning algorithms used to address localization challenges. Finally, it reviews related works in the field, providing insights into existing solutions and future research directions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-205774" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Faculté des Sciences de Gafsa</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Campus Universitaire Sidi Ahmed Zarrouk, 2112 Gafsa</addrLine>
              <country key="TN"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-340660" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="researchteam" xml:id="struct-1612891" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Réseaux, Mobiles, Embarqués, Sans fil, Satellites</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">IRIT-RMESS</orgName>
          <date type="start">2025-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse - IRIT2 rue Charles Camichel 31071 Toulouse Cedex 7</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.irit.fr/departement/architecture-systemes-reseaux/rmess/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-1612872" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-81148" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="443875" active="#struct-443875" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-116256" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-443875" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="UMR5505" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-448187" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-1574795" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-1612865" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="FED4171" active="#struct-1574795" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-340660" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/01kzjzn40</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Gafsa</orgName>
          <date type="start">1981-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Route de Tozeur - Gafsa</addrLine>
              <country key="TN"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-1612872" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">030947448</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121927225</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">199511949P</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/01rx4qw44</idno>
          <orgName>Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">IRIT</orgName>
          <date type="start">2025-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.irit.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-81148" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="443875" active="#struct-443875" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-116256" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-443875" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="UMR5505" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-448187" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-1574795" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-1612865" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="FED4171" active="#struct-1574795" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-81148" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026404354</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121902837</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/0443n9e75</idno>
          <orgName>Université Toulouse Capitole</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UT Capitole</orgName>
          <date type="start">1970-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>2 rue du Doyen-Gabriel-Marty - 31042 Toulouse Cedex 9</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.ut-capitole.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="443875" active="#struct-443875" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-443875" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/017tgbk05</idno>
          <orgName>Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">Comue de Toulouse</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>41 Allée Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.univ-toulouse.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-116256" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026403994</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04ezk3x31</idno>
          <orgName>Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UT2J</orgName>
          <date type="start">1971-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>5 allées Antonio Machado - 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-tlse2.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-443875" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-448187" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026388820</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121766169</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/033p9g875</idno>
          <orgName>Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse)</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">Toulouse INP</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.inp-toulouse.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-443875" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-1574795" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Université de Toulouse</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">EPE UT</orgName>
          <date type="start">2025-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>118 toute de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.univ-tlse3.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-443875" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regrouplaboratory" xml:id="struct-1612865" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Toulouse Mind &amp; Brain Institut</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">TMBI</orgName>
          <date type="start">2025-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>CHU Purpan, Pavillon Baudot, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.tmbi.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-116256" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-443875" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="FED4171" active="#struct-1574795" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>