Monitoring hepatitis E virus fecal shedding to optimize ribavirin treatment duration in chronically infected transplant patients
Résumé
Hepatitis E virus genotype 3 (HEV3) and 4 (HEV4) can progress to chronic hepatitis in immunosuppressed patients.1 Ribavirin therapy has been shown to be efficient for treating chronic HEV infection in solid-organ-transplant recipients.2,3 Eighty percent of patients achieved a sustained virological response 24 weeks (SVR24) after ribavirin cessation.3 However, the optimal duration of ribavirin therapy is still undetermined. A rapid decrease of HEV RNA in blood under therapy was associated with SVR24.4 It has also been suggested that the presence of HEV polymerase mutations, such as the 1634R mutant, could influence the response to ribavirin therapy.5,6 We previously
showed that persistence of HEV RNA in the feces at the end of ribavirin therapy in patients with undetectable HEV RNA in blood was also associated with a higher risk of HEV infection relapse.7 This prompted us to prolong the duration of ribavirin therapy in patients who had undetectable HEV RNA in the serum but persistent detectable HEV RNA in the stools at the end of the scheduled duration. Herein, we retrospectively compared the SVR24 in solid-organ-transplant recipients for whom ribavirin treatment was prolonged when HEV RNA was still detectable only in the stools, to the SVR24 in a historical group of patients in whom ribavirin was systematically stopped at the
end of the scheduled duration.