Lithium battery Diazonium salts EIS Magnetron sputtering Transition metals Positive electrode Ionic conductivity Electrochemical electrodes Silicon DFT calculations Impedance spectroscopy MnO2 Titanium nitride MXene Grafting Li-ion battery Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Micro-supercapacitor Sputtering Thin films Cycling stability Lithium-ion battery Organic electrode materials Electrochemical performance Electrochemical capacitors Lithium ion battery Aqueous electrolyte Electrochemistry Supercapacitors Microdevice XPS Coating Interface Fuel cell Supercapacitor GGA+U Crystal structure Ionogel Lithium batteries Ionic liquid Pseudocapacitance Cyclic voltammetry Photovoltaics Electrochemical capacitor Electrolytes Ionogels Chemical vapor deposition Organic batteries Activated carbon Electrodes Anode Microbatteries Lithium-ion batteries Capacitance Fermi contact Graphite Degradation Diazonium Mercury CO2 electrolysis Manganese dioxide DFT Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Current collector Nickel oxide Binder MXenes Ionic liquid electrolytes SOFC Microstructure Fe Exsolution Li-ion batteries Negative electrode Cycle performance Electrode Electrolyte Organic battery Intercalation FeWO 4 Lithium ion batteries Electrical conductivity CVD LiFePO4 MAS NMR Electrochemical Capacitor Anodes Vanadium nitride Micro-supercapacitors NMR Electrode material Operando Energy storage FIB/SEM Batteries - Li-ion Diazonium chemistry Failure mechanism Batteries Graphene Perovskite